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Motivation is the internal and external drive that energises, directs and sustains a person’s behaviour towards achieving goals. In organisations, motivation influences the level of effort, persistence and performance of employees.
Maslow stated that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy:
Herzberg identified two sets of factors:
Motivation depends on three relationships:
Employees compare their input–output ratio with others. Perceived inequity creates tension and employees may reduce effort, seek change, or leave the organisation. Fairness and transparency are important for motivation.
Specific and challenging goals with feedback improve performance. Effective goals are clear, measurable, accepted by employees and supported with feedback and resources.
Employee engagement is the emotional and intellectual commitment of employees towards their organisation and work, resulting in high involvement, enthusiasm, and willingness to go beyond formal job requirements.
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Motivation is the internal and external drive that energises, directs and sustains a person’s behaviour towards achieving goals. In organisations, motivation influences the level of effort, persistence and performance of employees.
Maslow stated that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy:
Herzberg identified two sets of factors:
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Maslow proposed that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy: physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualisation. Lower-level needs should be reasonably satisfied before higher-level needs become strong motivators. Managers can motivate employees by providing opportunities and rewards matching the dominant need level.
Herzberg stated that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from different factors. Hygiene factors (salary, policies, supervision, working conditions) prevent dissatisfaction but do not create strong motivation. Motivators (achievement, recognition, responsibility, growth) create satisfaction and motivate employees. Therefore, removing dissatisfaction is not enough; motivators must be provided.
Motivation is the internal and external drive that energises, directs and sustains behaviour towards achieving goals. In organisations, motivation determines the level of effort, persistence and performance of employees.
Importance of motivation: Motivation increases productivity and performance by encouraging employees to work willingly and efficiently. It improves quality, reduces errors and wastage and helps achieve targets. Motivated employees show better morale and teamwork, reduced absenteeism and turnover and higher commitment. Motivation also encourages creativity, initiative and acceptance of organisational change.
Two motivation theories:
Thus motivation is essential for high performance and can be improved by applying suitable motivational theories.