E-commerce does not work through a single company alone. It works through an ecosystem (a connected set of participants) such as sellers, platforms, payment partners, logistics, and customers.
This topic is important because many exam questions ask:
You should be able to:
An e-commerce ecosystem is the set of people, organizations, technology, and processes that together enable online buying and selling (concept).
It typically includes:
Note: in practice, marketplaces run on platforms, so the terms are related but not identical.
In a marketplace, the platform acts as an intermediary:
Key points:
In an inventory/owned model, the platform:
Key points:
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Difference (concept):
Any three points are sufficient.
Value chain = value added across stages (concept). Any six:
Flowchart:
Seller -> Platform -> Payment -> Fulfilment -> Delivery -> Support/Returns
Ecommerce is a method of buying and selling goods and services online. The definition of ecommerce business can also include tactics like affiliate marketing. You can use ecommerce channels such as your own website, an established selling website like Amazon, or social media to drive online sales.
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E-commerce does not work through a single company alone. It works through an ecosystem (a connected set of participants) such as sellers, platforms, payment partners, logistics, and customers.
This topic is important because many exam questions ask:
You should be able to:
An e-commerce ecosystem is the set of people, organizations, technology, and processes that together enable online buying and selling (concept).
It typically includes:
Note: in practice, marketplaces run on platforms, so the terms are related but not identical.
In a marketplace, the platform acts as an intermediary:
Key points:
In an inventory/owned model, the platform:
Key points:
Many firms use a hybrid model:
Think of the value chain as “value added at each stage” (concept).
Brand/Manufacturer
|
Seller/Distributor (may be same as brand)
|
Marketplace/Platform (discovery + ordering)
|
Payment partner (gateway/UPI/cards) + Risk/Fraud checks
|
Warehousing/Fulfilment (pick-pack-ship)
|
Logistics (line haul + last mile)
|
Customer (delivery + experience)
|
Support + Returns/Refunds (reverse logistics)
Exam tip: draw this flow in 5-mark answers and label 6–8 stages.
Common revenue streams (write in points):
When more sellers join, customers get more variety → more customers join → attracts more sellers. This positive loop is a network effect.
E-commerce platforms build trust using:
Basic metrics often tracked:
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Conclusion: Marketplace prioritizes assortment and scalability; inventory prioritizes control and experience (concept).