Industrial Disputes: Meaning, Causes, Strike/Lockout, Lay-off/Retrenchment and Dispute Settlement Machinery

An industrial dispute is a dispute between employer and employees/workmen relating to employment, non-employment, terms of employment or conditions of labour (concept).

Wage dissatisfaction (or unsafe conditions, grievance delays, etc.) (concept).

True. A strike is a concerted stoppage of work by employees/workmen (concept).

True. Lockout is the employer’s temporary closure/suspension of work to compel acceptance of terms (concept).

Lay-off is temporary inability of employer to provide work to workmen though they remain on the rolls (concept).

Retrenchment is termination of service of a workman by the employer for reasons other than disciplinary action (concept).

Any three causes (concept):

• wage/bonus dissatisfaction
• unsafe working conditions and poor welfare (concept)
• grievance redressal delays
• job insecurity/lay-off/retrenchment fears (concept)
• union rivalry and poor communication (concept)

Any three points are sufficient.