Factories and Working Conditions: Health, Safety, Welfare, Working Hours and Leave (Basics) Questions

Question 1

State one health provision in factories.

Accepted Answer

**Cleanliness** and proper waste disposal (or ventilation/lighting/safe water) (concept).

Question 2

State one safety provision in factories.

Accepted Answer

**Guarding of machines** / fire safety measures / PPE (any one) (concept).

Question 3

Welfare provisions include first-aid facilities. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **First-aid** is a common welfare facility (concept).

Question 4

Overtime wages are payable for work beyond prescribed limits. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **Overtime** is payable when working hours exceed prescribed limits (concept).

Question 5

What is meant by 'spread-over' (concept)?

Accepted Answer

**Spread-over** is the total span of the working day including rest intervals/breaks (concept).

Question 6

Leave with wages means leave is paid. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **Leave with wages** means wages are payable for the leave period as per entitlement rules (concept).

Question 7

List any three health provisions in factories (points).

Accepted Answer

Any three health provisions (concept):

- **cleanliness** and waste disposal
- proper ventilation and temperature control (concept)
- adequate lighting
- safe drinking water and sanitation (concept)
- prevention of overcrowding (concept)

Any three points are sufficient.

Question 8

List any three safety provisions and explain briefly using a small table.

Accepted Answer

Safety provisions (concept):

| Provision | Purpose (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Machine guarding** | prevents contact with moving parts |
| Fire safety | alarms, exits, extinguishers to reduce fire risk (concept) |
| PPE/training | reduces injury and improves safe behaviour (concept) |

Any three provisions are acceptable.

Question 9

Explain welfare provisions (any three) using points/table.

Accepted Answer

Welfare provisions (any three) (concept):

- **first-aid** and medical facilities
- rest rooms/washing facilities (concept)
- canteen (where required) (concept)
- crèche facilities (where required) (concept)
- welfare officer (where required) (concept)

Any three points are sufficient.

Question 10

Write employer compliance duties for working hours and leave (any three) using a small table.

Accepted Answer

Compliance duties (concept):

| Duty | What to do (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Working hours** | follow daily/weekly limits and display schedules |
| **Overtime** | pay overtime wages and maintain overtime records |
| **Leave records** | maintain leave registers and ensure paid leave as per rules (concept) |

Any three duties are sufficient.

Question 11

Explain the importance of welfare facilities in factories (any three points) using a small table.

Accepted Answer

Importance of welfare facilities (concept):

| Point | How it helps (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Health support** | first-aid reduces severity of injuries/illness |
| Comfort & hygiene | rest rooms/washing improve wellbeing (concept) |
| Productivity | better welfare improves morale and efficiency (concept) |

Any three points are sufficient.

Question 12

List any three employer compliance duties for accident reporting and safety management (use points).

Accepted Answer

Employer duties (any three) (concept):

- provide immediate **first-aid** and medical response
- record accidents/dangerous occurrences and report as required (concept)
- investigate causes and implement corrective actions/training (concept)
- maintain safety equipment (guards, PPE, fire safety) and conduct periodic checks (concept)

Any three points are sufficient.

Question 13

Write an exam-style note on health and safety provisions in factories (include a table and conclusion).

Accepted Answer

### Health provisions (concept)
- **cleanliness**, sanitation and waste disposal
- ventilation, lighting and safe drinking water (concept)

### Safety provisions (concept)
- **machine guarding** and safe equipment
- fire safety, emergency exits and training (concept)

### Summary table
| Area | Examples (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Health** | cleanliness, ventilation, water, sanitation |
| **Safety** | guarding, PPE, fire safety, accident reporting |

### Conclusion
Strong health and safety compliance reduces accidents and improves productivity and worker welfare (concept).

Question 14

Explain working hours, rest intervals and overtime (concept) and why they are regulated (exam-style) using a table and conclusion.

Accepted Answer

### Concept
Time-related provisions regulate maximum working hours, provide rest breaks and ensure overtime wages when limits are exceeded (concept).

| Component | What it ensures (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Working hours** | limits to prevent overwork |
| Rest intervals | breaks for rest and safety (concept) |
| **Overtime** | extra wages for extra work; discourages excessive hours (concept) |

### Conclusion
Regulation protects worker health, reduces fatigue-related accidents and ensures fair compensation for extra work (concept).

Question 15

Describe accident reporting and emergency response steps (exam-style) using a flowchart and conclusion.

Accepted Answer

### Flow (concept)
Accident occurs → first-aid/medical response → secure area → record details → report as required → investigate causes → corrective actions/training → review controls (concept)

### Conclusion
Proper reporting and response prevents recurrence, supports compliance, and protects worker safety and welfare (concept).

Factories and Working Conditions: Health, Safety, Welfare, Working Hours and Leave (Basics)

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