Directing is the managerial function that “makes people work”. A plan on paper becomes reality only when managers guide employees, communicate expectations, motivate them, and supervise their work. Directing is closely connected to leadership, motivation, communication and supervision.
This chapter is very important for exams because questions often ask:
After studying this topic, you should be able to:
Directing means initiating action by guiding and leading employees.
Directing includes:
Simple flow: Leader communicates tasks → motivates employees → supervises performance → feedback and correction
Leadership is the process of influencing people to work willingly towards organisational goals.
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Main elements of directing are:
These elements together ensure that plans are converted into actual performance.
Leadership styles differ by decision-making and employee participation:
Thus, no one style is best always; a leader should choose style based on situation.
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Directing is the managerial function that “makes people work”. A plan on paper becomes reality only when managers guide employees, communicate expectations, motivate them, and supervise their work. Directing is closely connected to leadership, motivation, communication and supervision.
This chapter is very important for exams because questions often ask:
After studying this topic, you should be able to:
Directing means initiating action by guiding and leading employees.
Directing includes:
Simple flow: Leader communicates tasks → motivates employees → supervises performance → feedback and correction
Leadership is the process of influencing people to work willingly towards organisational goals.
Leader takes decisions alone; gives orders.
Leader consults employees; encourages participation.
Leader provides minimal direction; employees decide.
Motivation means stimulating people to work with energy and willingness.
Maslow suggested that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy: Physiological → Safety → Social → Esteem → Self-actualisation
Idea: Unsatisfied lower needs motivate first; once satisfied, higher needs become important.
Herzberg said job satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from two sets of factors:
Managers’ assumptions influence leadership style and motivation methods.
Communication is exchange of information and understanding between sender and receiver.
Sender → Message → Encoding → Channel → Receiver → Decoding → Feedback (with noise possible)
Supervision is overseeing the work of subordinates to ensure it is done correctly.
Importance:
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Herzberg’s two-factor theory says job satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from two different sets of factors.
These prevent dissatisfaction but do not strongly motivate:
These create real motivation and job satisfaction:
Managers should first ensure hygiene factors are adequate, then use motivators like recognition, responsibility and growth opportunities to improve performance and commitment.