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Motivation explains why employees work, how hard they work, and how long they continue. In OB, motivation is essential because it directly affects performance, productivity, quality, absenteeism and turnover. This topic covers major motivation theories (need/content and process theories) and practical steps managers can use in organizations.
Motivation is the internal and external forces that initiate work-related behavior and determine its direction, intensity and persistence.
Need theories explain what motivates people (needs and factors).
Main need theories:
Maslow suggests needs are arranged from lower to higher.
Herzberg says satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from different factors.
McClelland explains motivation through learned needs:
Different jobs fit different dominant needs (e.g., sales and targets for nAch; leadership roles for nPow).
Process theories explain how motivation occurs (thinking and evaluation).
Key process theories:
Motivation depends on:
If any one of E, I or V is low, motivation becomes low.
Employees compare their input–outcome ratio with others (referents).
If they feel under-rewarded, they may:
Fairness and transparent pay/promotion policies are important.
Goals motivate when they are:
Case: A sales executive works hard but feels incentives are uncertain and promotions are biased. He reduces effort and plans to resign.
OB analysis:
Fix: transparent incentives, fair appraisal, feedback, and clear growth path.
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Motivation explains why employees work, how hard they work, and how long they continue. In OB, motivation is essential because it directly affects performance, productivity, quality, absenteeism and turnover. This topic covers major motivation theories (need/content and process theories) and practical steps managers can use in organizations.
Motivation is the internal and external forces that initiate work-related behavior and determine its direction, intensity and persistence.
Need theories explain what motivates people (needs and factors).
Main need theories:
Maslow suggests needs are arranged from lower to higher.
Herzberg says satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from different factors.
McClelland explains motivation through learned needs:
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From this topic
Motivation is important because (any three):
Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation:
(Any three points.)
Motivation theories help managers understand what drives employees at work. The major need/content theories are Maslow, Herzberg and McClelland.
Implications: A manager should not rely only on pay. Along with fair policies and conditions (hygiene), managers should provide challenging work, recognition, responsibility and growth to create true motivation.