Motivation explains why employees work with energy, persistence and focus. Leadership explains how managers influence people to achieve goals. In HRM, these topics matter because compensation, appraisal, job design, training and culture all affect motivation and leadership effectiveness.
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Motivation is the internal and external force that stimulates, directs and sustains employee behaviour towards achieving goals.
Key exam keywords: needs, drives, goal-directed behaviour, sustained effort.
Mini table:
Flow (write/draw): Need/deficiency → Drive/tension → Action/effort → Performance → Reward → Satisfaction → New need
This shows motivation is continuous: once one need is satisfied, another need emerges.
Maslow proposed that human needs progress from basic to higher needs.
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Intrinsic vs extrinsic motivation:
Thus, intrinsic motivation is internal, while extrinsic comes from external rewards.
Maslow says needs move from basic to higher needs.
Lower needs should be reasonably satisfied before higher needs strongly motivate.
Human Resource Management (HRM or HR) is the strategic approach to the effective management of people in a company or organization such that they help their business gain a competitive advantage. The overall purpose of human resources (HR) is to ensure that the organization is able to achieve success through people.
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Motivation explains why employees work with energy, persistence and focus. Leadership explains how managers influence people to achieve goals. In HRM, these topics matter because compensation, appraisal, job design, training and culture all affect motivation and leadership effectiveness.
This topic is scoring when you:
You should be able to:
Motivation is the internal and external force that stimulates, directs and sustains employee behaviour towards achieving goals.
Key exam keywords: needs, drives, goal-directed behaviour, sustained effort.
Mini table:
Flow (write/draw): Need/deficiency → Drive/tension → Action/effort → Performance → Reward → Satisfaction → New need
This shows motivation is continuous: once one need is satisfied, another need emerges.
Maslow proposed that human needs progress from basic to higher needs.
Exam line: lower needs should be reasonably met before higher needs strongly motivate.
Herzberg said job satisfaction and dissatisfaction come from different factors:
Application:
HR implication: Theory Y aligns with empowerment, training and participative leadership.
Vroom explains motivation as: Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence
Practical use:
Leadership is the ability to influence and guide individuals/groups to achieve organisational goals.
Leadership differs from management:
No single best style: match the style to the situation.
How HR can use motivation + leadership concepts:
Simple mapping table:
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Vroom explains motivation as: Motivation = Expectancy × Instrumentality × Valence
If any component is weak, overall motivation reduces; therefore managers should strengthen all three through capability, fairness and meaningful rewards.