Question 1

Ethical leadership supports governance by:

Accepted Answer

Ethical leaders promote compliance, transparency and honest reporting.

Question 2

Long-term benefit of integrity in an organization is:

Accepted Answer

Integrity builds trust, reputation, and sustainable success.

Question 3

Accepting cash from a vendor is generally:

Accepted Answer

Cash gifts are improper and commonly prohibited by policy.

Question 4

Integrity in the workplace mainly means:

Accepted Answer

Integrity is moral consistency—right actions even when unobserved.

Question 5

Bribery means:

Accepted Answer

Bribery is an improper exchange of value for influence.

Question 6

Stakeholders include:

Accepted Answer

Stakeholders can include customers, employees, community, investors, etc.

Question 7

Transparency in governance means:

Accepted Answer

Transparency requires honest disclosures and clarity.

Question 8

The first step in ethical decision making is usually:

Accepted Answer

Start by recognizing what is ethically wrong and defining the problem.

Question 9

Confidentiality in professional ethics means:

Accepted Answer

Professionals must protect client/organizational information.

Question 10

Conflict of interest refers to:

Accepted Answer

Conflict of interest occurs when private interest can influence decisions.

Question 11

A red flag for corruption is:

Accepted Answer

Pressure without documentation can signal wrongdoing.

Question 12

Kickback refers to:

Accepted Answer

Kickbacks are secret commissions to influence contracts.

Question 13

Workplace harassment refers to:

Accepted Answer

Harassment is unwanted behavior that violates dignity and safety.

Question 14

Respect at workplace means:

Accepted Answer

Respect is courteous, dignified treatment of others.

Question 15

Sustainability mainly focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Sustainability balances current needs and future resources.

Question 16

The board of directors mainly:

Accepted Answer

Board provides oversight and strategic direction.

Question 17

Ethical leadership mainly means:

Accepted Answer

Ethical leaders act with integrity, fairness and values-driven decisions.

Question 18

Which is a core principle of professional ethics?

Accepted Answer

Integrity, accountability, confidentiality and fairness are core principles.

Question 19

Greenwashing means:

Accepted Answer

Greenwashing is misleading CSR/sustainability claims for publicity.

Question 20

Which action best supports ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Good decisions require facts, stakeholder analysis and consequences.

Question 21

Define professional ethics.

Accepted Answer

Professional ethics are the moral principles and standards that guide the conduct of a person in a profession.

Question 22

Give one example of confidential information.

Accepted Answer

Example: customer OTP/PIN, salary details, medical record, contract terms (any one).

Question 23

What is moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning is the thinking process used to judge right and wrong and justify an ethical decision with reasons.

Question 24

What is confidentiality?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality means protecting private and sensitive information from unauthorized disclosure.

Question 25

Mention one responsible social media practice for professionals.

Accepted Answer

One practice is not sharing confidential information and verifying facts before posting (any one).

Question 26

What is greenwashing?

Accepted Answer

Greenwashing is making misleading claims about being socially or environmentally responsible for publicity.

Question 27

Define digital workplace ethics.

Accepted Answer

Digital workplace ethics means using digital tools responsibly while protecting privacy, ensuring honesty, maintaining respect and following security and legal rules.

Question 28

State one principle of professional ethics.

Accepted Answer

One principle is integrity—being honest and truthful in professional work (any one principle).

Question 29

Mention one CSR activity.

Accepted Answer

One CSR activity is community health/education support/tree plantation/skill training (any one).

Question 30

Define values.

Accepted Answer

Values are beliefs or ideals that a person considers important and desirable and that guide choices.

Question 31

Differentiate between teamwork and individualism (any three points).

Accepted Answer

Teamwork and individualism differ as follows:

| Point | Teamwork | Individualism |
|---|---|---|
| Focus | group goal | personal goal |
| Strength | shared skills and support | quick personal decisions sometimes |
| Risk | conflicts if communication is poor | ego and poor coordination |

(Any three points can be written.)

Question 32

Write any three examples of professional responsibility in handling information.

Accepted Answer

Examples include:

1) Collecting only necessary personal data for a defined purpose.
2) Storing sensitive data securely (passwords, encryption, approved systems).
3) Reporting suspected breach immediately as per policy.

(Any three examples can be written.)

Question 33

Write any three ways to resolve conflicts ethically in teams.

Accepted Answer

Ethical conflict resolution steps include:

1) Listen to all sides calmly and without bias.
2) Focus on the common goal and facts, not personal attacks.
3) Agree on a fair solution and responsibilities, then follow up.

(Any three points can be written.)

Question 34

Mention any three common digital ethical issues in workplaces.

Accepted Answer

Common digital ethical issues include:

1) Data leakage and unauthorized sharing.
2) Plagiarism/copyright violation and pirated software use.
3) Cyberbullying/harassment and misinformation.

(Any three issues can be written.)

Question 35

Explain any three steps to implement professional ethics in an organization.

Accepted Answer

Steps to implement ethics include:

1) Create and communicate a clear code of ethics.
2) Provide regular ethics training and awareness programs.
3) Set up safe reporting channels (grievance/whistleblowing) and enforce rules fairly.

(Any three steps can be written.)

Question 36

Explain moral reasoning and how it helps in resolving workplace dilemmas.

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning is the thinking process used to decide what is right or wrong and to justify an ethical choice with clear reasons. In workplace dilemmas, moral reasoning helps professionals move beyond emotions, pressure or personal bias and take responsible decisions.

Moral reasoning helps in the following ways:

1) Clarifies the problem: It forces a person to identify the exact ethical issue (e.g., honesty vs loyalty, profit vs safety).
2) Identifies stakeholders: It considers who will be affected—customers, coworkers, organization and society.
3) Applies principles and standards: It connects the decision to values like honesty and fairness and to professional code/policy.
4) Evaluates consequences: It checks potential harm and benefit of each option.
5) Improves justification: It enables a professional to explain the decision clearly if questioned by seniors, auditors or public.

| Step in reasoning | Key question |
|---|---|
| Facts | What happened and what rules apply? |
| Stakeholders | Who is affected and how? |
| Principles | Is it fair, honest and responsible? |
| Consequences | What harms/benefits may occur? |
| Decision | Can I justify it publicly? |

Thus, moral reasoning makes decisions consistent and defensible, strengthens ethical culture, and reduces the risk of unethical conduct in professional life.

Question 37

Describe corporate governance, its objectives and structure with a flowchart.

Accepted Answer

Corporate governance is the system by which a company is directed and controlled. It includes the board, management, internal controls, audit and compliance mechanisms that ensure transparency and accountability.

Objectives of corporate governance:

- protect interests of shareholders and stakeholders
- ensure transparent and reliable reporting
- reduce fraud and conflicts of interest
- ensure accountability of board and management
- support long-term performance and sustainability

A simple governance structure is:

```mermaid
flowchart TD
  A[Shareholders] --> B[Board of Directors]
  B --> C[Top Management]
  C --> D[Operations/Employees]
  B --> E[Audit Committee]
  E --> F[Internal Audit & Compliance]
```

The board sets direction and monitors management, while audit and compliance ensure controls are working. Therefore, corporate governance strengthens trust, reduces risk and improves organizational credibility.

Question 38

Describe responsible technology use in the digital workplace with a checklist table and flowchart.

Accepted Answer

Responsible technology use means using digital tools ethically and safely while protecting privacy, security and organizational interests. This includes safe handling of data, professional communication, and careful use of AI tools.

A responsible technology-use checklist:

| Area | Ethical practice |
|---|---|
| Data | collect minimum data; protect confidentiality |
| Security | strong passwords, MFA, beware phishing |
| AI tools | verify outputs; avoid bias; keep humans accountable |
| Communication | be respectful; avoid misinformation |
| Compliance | use licensed software; follow policy and law |

If an incident occurs, follow a clear reporting flow:

```mermaid
flowchart LR
  A[Notice incident] --> B[Contain/stop further harm]
  B --> C[Document facts & evidence]
  C --> D[Report to IT/manager/ethics]
  D --> E[Investigation & corrective action]
  E --> F[Prevention and learning]
```

Therefore, responsible technology use reduces risk of data leaks, cybercrime and unethical conduct, and builds a safe digital work culture.

Question 39

Explain integrity, honesty and accountability in workplace with suitable examples.

Accepted Answer

Integrity, honesty and accountability are essential values that guide ethical professional behavior and create trust in the workplace.

**Integrity** means doing what is right consistently, even when no one is watching. It includes fairness, courage and strong moral principles. *Example:* Refusing a bribe offered for passing a low-quality product, even if it is profitable.

**Honesty** means truthfulness and accurate reporting. A professional should not mislead clients, seniors or the public. *Example:* Reporting correct sales figures and admitting a calculation error instead of adjusting numbers to look good.

**Accountability** means taking ownership of actions and outcomes and being answerable. It also includes correcting mistakes and learning from them. *Example:* If a wrong invoice is sent, the employee informs the manager, issues a corrected invoice and ensures the process is improved.

| Value | Key idea | Simple example |
|---|---|---|
| Integrity | right conduct consistently | refuse bribe; follow code |
| Honesty | tell truth; accurate facts | correct reporting; no false claims |
| Accountability | take responsibility | admit mistake; fix and improve |

Thus, these values protect organizational reputation, reduce fraud and improve long-term performance.

Question 40

Explain conflict of interest with examples and state how it can be managed.

Accepted Answer

A conflict of interest (COI) is a situation where a professional’s personal interest can influence, or appears to influence, their official decisions. Even if the person acts honestly, the *appearance* of bias can damage trust.

Examples of COI:

- A manager selects a vendor owned by a close relative.
- An employee negotiates a contract while planning to join the vendor company.
- An auditor reviews accounts of a company where they own shares.

COI can be managed by:

| Action | How it helps |
|---|---|
| Disclose COI early | makes the situation transparent |
| Recuse/step aside from decision | removes bias from the process |
| Follow procurement and approval rules | ensures fairness and documentation |
| Avoid gifts and special favors | reduces undue influence |

Thus, COI should be identified, disclosed and managed through transparency, separation of duties and strict adherence to policy.

Professional Ethics and Values — Question Paper

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