
Long questions with answers for this topic
Formal communication is official communication that follows the organisational hierarchy and prescribed channels.
Informal communication is unofficial communication based on personal and social relationships in the organisation.
Downward communication flows from higher level to lower level and includes orders and instructions.
Upward communication flows from subordinates to superiors and includes reports and feedback.
Grapevine is an informal network of communication through which messages spread quickly.
Written communication provides a permanent record and accountability.
Formal communication uses official channels, is more reliable and usually has record. Informal communication uses social channels, is faster and has no official record. Formal is easier to control; informal is difficult to control.
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