Business Ethics in the Digital Era: Data Privacy, Cybersecurity, AI Ethics, Social Media and Responsible Innovation Questions

Question 1

Dark patterns are unethical UI designs that manipulate users. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **Dark patterns** reduce user autonomy and violate transparency/fairness (concept).

Question 2

Define data privacy.

Accepted Answer

**Data privacy** is the right of individuals to control how their personal data is collected, used, stored and shared (concept).

Question 3

Consent is a key principle of data privacy. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **Consent** and purpose limitation are key privacy principles for lawful and fair processing (concept).

Question 4

Write one example of a cybersecurity ethical responsibility of a company.

Accepted Answer

Implementing reasonable safeguards like **access controls/MFA** and encryption to protect customer data is an ethical responsibility (any one) (concept).

Question 5

AI bias refers to unfair discrimination caused by data/model issues. (True/False)

Accepted Answer

True. **AI bias** can cause discriminatory outcomes due to biased data or model design (concept).

Question 6

Write one difference between privacy and security.

Accepted Answer

**Privacy** is proper use of personal data (consent/purpose), while **security** protects data from unauthorized access (concept).

Question 7

List any three data privacy principles (exam points).

Accepted Answer

Any three privacy principles (concept):

- **consent** and lawful purpose
- purpose limitation
- data minimization
- transparency (clear notices)
- retention limitation (overview)

Write any three points.

Question 8

Explain AI ethics issues (any three) using a table.

Accepted Answer

AI ethics issues (any three) (concept):

| Issue | What it means |
|---|---|
| **Bias** | discriminatory outcomes |
| Transparency | unclear/black-box decisions |
| **Accountability** | unclear responsibility for harm |
| Privacy | profiling/surveillance risk (overview) |

Write any three.

Question 9

Explain responsible innovation (meaning + any three steps) with a simple flowchart.

Accepted Answer

**Responsible innovation** means developing technology with safeguards and consideration of social impacts (concept).

Steps (any three):
- anticipate risks (privacy, bias, safety)
- involve stakeholders
- design safeguards by default (privacy/security-by-design)
- monitor impacts and improve (overview)

Flowchart:

```text
Assess risks -> Design safeguards -> Deploy -> Monitor -> Improve
```

Question 10

List any three policies/controls used for privacy and cybersecurity (use a table).

Accepted Answer

Any three policies/controls (concept):

| Area | Policy/control |
|---|---|
| **Privacy** | privacy notice + consent management |
| Security | **MFA** + access controls |
| Security | encryption + incident response plan |
| AI governance | bias review + human oversight (overview) |

Write any three.

Question 11

Write any three ethical risks in digital business (exam points).

Accepted Answer

Any three ethical risks (concept/overview):

- **data breach** exposing personal information
- data misuse or sharing without valid **consent**
- AI-driven decisions causing **bias/discrimination**
- misinformation/deepfakes harming public trust (overview)

Write any three points.

Question 12

Explain data privacy and key principles (exam-style) using a table.

Accepted Answer

### Meaning
**Data privacy** is the right to control collection and use of personal information (concept).

### Key principles (table)

| Principle | Meaning (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Consent** | collect/use data with permission and lawful purpose |
| Purpose limitation | use only for stated purpose |
| Data minimization | collect only what is necessary |
| Transparency | clear notices and communication |
| Security safeguards | protect against unauthorized access (overview) |

Conclusion: Privacy principles protect rights and build trust in digital business (concept).

Question 13

Discuss AI ethics and suggest controls for responsible AI governance (exam-style) with a table.

Accepted Answer

### AI ethics issues (brief)
Key issues include **bias**, lack of transparency, accountability for harm, and privacy risks (concept).

### Controls for responsible AI (table)

| Control | Purpose (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Bias testing/audits** | reduce discrimination |
| Explainability | justify decisions affecting rights |
| Human oversight | review high-risk decisions |
| Documentation | model governance and traceability |
| Monitoring | detect drift and harmful outcomes (overview) |

Conclusion: Responsible AI requires governance, oversight and continuous monitoring (concept).

Question 14

Explain social media ethics and responsible communication (exam-style) and add a simple flowchart for content governance.

Accepted Answer

### Social media ethics (concept)
Ethical issues include misleading ads, hidden sponsorships, misinformation and reputational harm.

Guidelines (any four):
- disclose paid partnerships clearly (**transparency**)
- avoid misleading claims; verify information
- respect privacy in messages and customer data
- respond respectfully; correct mistakes publicly (concept)

Flowchart:

```text
Create content -> Verify claims -> Approve/disclose -> Publish -> Monitor feedback -> Correct/learn
```

Question 15

Discuss ethical risks in digital business and propose preventive measures (privacy, security and governance) with a table.

Accepted Answer

### Ethical risks (concept)
Digital business risks include data misuse, breaches, AI bias, fraud and misinformation.

| Risk | Preventive measure (concept) |
|---|---|
| **Data misuse** | consent + purpose limitation + minimization |
| **Data breach** | MFA, encryption, incident response |
| AI bias | bias testing + human oversight |
| Misinformation | verification + transparent corrections |

Conclusion: Policies + controls + monitoring protect stakeholders and trust in digital platforms (concept).

Business Ethics in the Digital Era: Data Privacy, Cybersecurity, AI Ethics, Social Media and Responsible Innovation

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