After planning, managers must organise. Planning decides what to do; organising decides how work will be divided and coordinated. Organising creates a structure of roles and relationships so that tasks are assigned, authority is defined and resources are arranged to achieve objectives.
In practice, organising answers:
After studying this topic, you should be able to:
Organising is the process of:
Flow (draw in exam): Identify activities → Group → Assign → Delegate authority → Coordinate
Organisational structure is the formal framework that shows:
Good structure ensures that work is not dependent on one person; it becomes a system.
Departmentation is grouping activities into departments for easier coordination and specialisation.
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Steps in organising are:
Flow (write/draw): Activities → Grouping → Assignment → Delegation/relationships → Coordination
Authority, responsibility and accountability differ as follows:
Thus, for effective work, authority should match responsibility, and managers remain accountable for results.
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After planning, managers must organise. Planning decides what to do; organising decides how work will be divided and coordinated. Organising creates a structure of roles and relationships so that tasks are assigned, authority is defined and resources are arranged to achieve objectives.
In practice, organising answers:
After studying this topic, you should be able to:
Organising is the process of:
Flow (draw in exam): Identify activities → Group → Assign → Delegate authority → Coordinate
Organisational structure is the formal framework that shows:
Good structure ensures that work is not dependent on one person; it becomes a system.
Departmentation is grouping activities into departments for easier coordination and specialisation.
Delegation means assigning work to subordinates with authority to do it, while the manager remains accountable.
Simple relationship to remember: Authority can be delegated, accountability cannot be fully delegated.
These three are closely linked but different.
Key exam line: Authority should match responsibility. If responsibility is high but authority is low, the person cannot deliver.
Decision-making power is concentrated at top level.
Decision-making authority is distributed to lower levels.
Span of control refers to the number of subordinates a manager can effectively supervise.
In many firms, line managers take final decisions, staff specialists support with expertise.
Authority + Responsibility + Accountability (linked)
Activities → Grouping → Assignment → Delegation → Coordination
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Delegation of authority is the process of assigning work to subordinates by giving them necessary authority to perform tasks, while the superior remains accountable.
Effective delegation needs clear authority, proper communication and follow-up control so that work is done correctly.